Cilia are tiny, hair-like structures projecting from the surface of nearly all human cells. These microscopic protrusions are fundamental components of cellular biology, playing diverse roles throughout the Ò€¦ It has been found that patients with biofilm positive infections have impaired cilia function.

Mammalian cells express a variety of cilia to serve diverse sensory and motile functions. All cilia contain a microtubule-based cytoskeleton or axoneme enclosed by membrane (blue).